On behalf of the Nuffield Centre for International Health, our GHRG colleague, Dr. Amrit Virk, facilitated a parallel session titled “How to do health systems analysis in low-resource settings?”. The hour-long session offered an introduction to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “building blocks” framework for assessing health systems. The session was well attended by surgical trainees and GHRG partners. Participants worked in 3 groups, each choosing a specific health system element—namely governance, medical products and health workforce, and reflected on the barriers and facilitators within each for improving surgical care in Sierra Leone. At the end, a group lead summarised and presented the findings to the wider conference audience.